Net Present Value and Cash - 1056 Words

GROUP ASSIGNMENT CASE 23: DANFORTH amp; DONNALLEY LAUNDRY PRODUCTS COMPANY Purpose of Meeting: To make capital budgeting decision with respect to the introduction and production of a new product, a liquid detergent called Blast. Need to consider what types and which cash flows should be included in capital budgeting analysis. Damp;D was producing and marketing two major product lines: 1. Lift-Off: Low –suds, concentrated powder. 2. Wave: Traditional powder detergent. Questions amp; Answers: 1. If you were in Steve Gasper’s place, would you argue to include the cost from market testing as a cash outflow? If I’m Steven Gasper’s I would not include the cost from market testing as a cash outflow. The reason is because the†¦show more content†¦The reasons of this are:- a) When the machine was bought for Lift-Off productions the cost has been calculated; and b) In obtaining the machine and building for Blast productions no cash payment has been made. Since the production of Blast will occupy current excess capacity, no incremental cash flows are incurred; hence, none should be charged against Blast. 4. Would you suggest that the cash flows resulting from erosion of sales from current laundry detergent products be included as a cash inflow? If there was a chance that competition would introduce a similar product were Damp;D to fail to introduce Blast, would this affect your answer? Yes, it should be treat as an incremental cash flow for the reduction in the sales of the Lift-Off and Wave, referred to as erosion. These lost sales are included because it a cost (a revenue reduction) that the company must bear if it choose to produce the new product (Blast). It will not affect our answer if there was a chance that competition would introduce a similar product at time Damp;D fail to introduce Blast. This happen due to the fact that for constructs cash flow we ignore the competitor effect. 5. If debt is used to finance this project, should the interest payments associated with this new debt be considered cash flows? No. We discount project cash flows with a cost of capital that is the rate ofShow MoreRelatedNet Present Value and Net Cash Flow1220 Words   |  5 Pagesbudgeting? a Will an investment generate adequate cash flows to promptly recover its cost? b Will an investment generate an acceptable rate of return? c Will an investment have a positive net present value? d Will an investment have an adverse effect on the environment? 3 Which of the following is not considered when using the payback period to evaluate an investment? a The profitability of the investment over its entire life. b The annual net cash flow of the investment. c The cost of the investmentRead MoreNet Present Value and Cash Flow1400 Words   |  6 Pages000. Assuming a company tax rate of 30%, the firm’s cash flow from operations is: (A) $840,000 (B) $180,000 (C) $135,000 (D) $75,000 4. Given an effective annual interest rate of 14 per cent, the present value of a perpetuity consisting of yearly payments of $25,000 starting immediately is, rounded to the nearest dollar (A) (B) $203,571 (C) $178,571 (D) 5. $232,071 $156,641 If the present value of a perpetual income stream is increasing, the discountRead MoreNet Present Value and Initial Cash Outlay755 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Week 5 – Homework Answers P8-1. Suppose that a 30-year U.S. Treasury bond offers a 4% coupon rate, paid semiannually. The market price of the bond is $1,000, equal to its par value. a. What is the payback period for this bond? b. With such a long payback period, is the bond a bad investment? c. What is the discounted payback period for the bond assuming its 4% coupon rate is the required return? What general principle does this example illustrate regarding a project’s life, its discountedRead MoreNet Present Value and Free Cash Flow Essay example1101 Words   |  5 Pages Given the proposed financing plan, describe your approach (qualitatively) to value AirThread. Should Ms. Zhang use WACC, APV or some combination thereof? Explain. (2 points) * From the statement of AirThread case, we know that American Cable Communication want to raise capital by Leveraged Buyout (LBO) approach. This means ACC will finance money though equity and debt to buy AirThread and pay the debt by the cash flows or assets of AirThread. * In another word, it’s a highly levered transactionRead MoreCash Flow Per Period Of A Project790 Words   |  4 Pagesthe time in which the initial cash outflow of an investment is expected to be recovered from the cash inflows generated by the investment. It is one of the simplest investment appraisal techniques. Formula The formula to calculate payback period of a project depends on whether the cash flow per period of the project is even or uneven. In case they are even, the formula to calculate payback period is: Payback Period = Initial Investment Cash Inflow per Period When cash inflows are uneven, we need toRead MoreGuillermo Furniture Capital Budget Recommendation Essay example1087 Words   |  5 Pagescompares cash inflows and cash outflows instead of net income calculated using the accrual basis. Capital projects are typically evaluated using quantitative analysis and qualitative information. There are two capital budget evaluation processes that take into consi deration the time value of money Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) (Edmonds, 2007). Time value of money is necessary when comparing possible business investments that have different costs, cash flows, andRead MorePresent Value and Capital Budgeting1106 Words   |  5 PagesPart I A. Present Value with Discount rate of 7% = 15000/(1+7%) = 15000/1.07 = $14,018.69 Present Value with Discount rate of 4% = 15000/(1+4%) = 15000/1.04 = $14,423.08 B. Account A - Present Value with Discount rate of 6% = 6500/(1+6%) = 6500/1.06 = $6,132.08 Account B - Present Value with Discount rate of 6% = 12600/(1+6%)^2 = 12600/1.1236 = $11,213.96 C. Present Value of Gold Mine 7% = 4900000/1.07 + 61,000,000/(1.07)^2 + 85,000,000/(1.07)^3 = 45,794,392.52 + 61,000,000/1.1449 + 85Read MoreCash Budget For 3 Months Ending 31st August 20151350 Words   |  6 Pages Question 1 Zahlee Ltd Cash budget for 3 months ending 31st August 2015 Appendix 1 June July August Receipts: Sales Cash 60’000 40’000 75’000 Credit (50%) 50’000 60’000 40’000 Sub-letting old warehouse 2’500 2’500 2’500 Loan received - - 30’000 Total receipts (a) 112’500 102’500 137’500 Payments: Purchases (suppliers) 60’000 50’000 50’000 Purchase of new transport vehicles 45’000 - 55’000 Wages 16’000 16’000 18’000 Overheads 19’000 23’000 21’000 Interest of bank loan 100 100 100Read MoreDifferent Aspects Of An Investment1433 Words   |  6 Pagesspending limit among the two. I made substantial analysis for the two corporations, as this is very significant for possible growth of our own company. I analyzed a five-year projected income statement and a five-year projected cash flow. I also determined the Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return among the two companies to make a decision. This paper also includes three peer-reviewed sources to combine with the theoretical explanations. Introduction The thought of acquiring another corporationRead MoreCapital Expenditure Valuation Methods1130 Words   |  5 Pagespayback period is the time it takes for a project or investments cash outflows to be recovered by cash inflows generated from the same project or investment. It is a very simple and commonly used capital budgeting technique. The formula used to compute the payback period is initial investment divided by cash inflow per period. You generally want to choose the investment that provides the shortest payback period, because you will get you cash back and it can be put toward other investments or projects

Self Assesment Report - 1026 Words

SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT NAME: MANISH KATARIA (P10556063) DATE: 15/11/10 TUTOR: NEIL SHERIFF TITLE: SELF ASSESSMENT REPORT MODULE: CORP 1520 BUSINESS COMMUNICATIONS AND CREATIVITY Executive Summary Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail†. The report explains the meaning of Personal Development planning and its importance in the life of a person. I explored my learning styles using activities done in tutorials. I came to know that I am a reflective learner. Contents List 1.Introduction 2.Self Assessment Analysis 3.Learning Styles 4.Personal†¦show more content†¦References list: INTERNET qaa.ac.uk [online]. (nd) [Accessed 11/11/2010]. Available from: . http://www.sqa.org.uk/files_ccc/Tutor_Guide_PDP.pdf http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=visual http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=aural http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=readwrite http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=kinestheticprint http://www.vark-learn.com/english/page.asp?p=questionnaire http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_development_planning http://www.palgrave.com/skills4study/pdp/about/index.asp BOOKS 1. Business Skills Handbook,London by ROY HORN (2009) Appendices 1 | | | | | | | | | | | |Level of confdence |Areas of confidence |Areas to be improved | |SKILL | | | | |Inormation Technology |Quite confident |Basic use of IT, Microsoft Word, Using |Microsoft powerpoint and excel, web |Show MoreRelatedThe Domestic Violence Act 1995 Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesexisting mental illness (Vilarino, Arce, Farina, 2013). 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Many of the different teachings of martial arts were around for centuries before gunpowder was even invented. It has unfailingly fulfilled its purpose for self-defense; itRead MoreQuality And Integrity Of Coach Essay1391 Words   |  6 Pagesaptitude and abilities. Coach s board gives the most abnormal amount of oversight in their association and has separate, independent HR, audit, and Governance and Nominations (GN) Committees. The BODs and every advisory group of the BODs lead a yearly self assessment which incorporates an assessment by every chief of the execution of Coach s Chief Executive Officer, alternate chiefs, every panel and the board in general. The consequences of these assessments are talked about with the Board and advisoryRead MoreUnconditional Positive Respect1569 Words   |  7 Pagestherapeutic procedure may be suitable (Beultler et al., 2006). Cri tque. Humanistic counselling process focuses on an holistic goal therefore some clients sense of purose may include more specific goals. Clients can come self-selected meaningful goals such as anxiety in social situations (Scholl, Ray, Brady-Amoon, 2014). Counsellor should respect the clients views and address the client’s needs and goals (Young, 2013), bearing in mind thatRead MoreThe Components Of The Counseling Process1748 Words   |  7 Pagesis thinking and feeling and how the client is behaving. Establishing and maintaining rapport is vital for the disclosure of information, the initiations of change, and the ultimate success of counseling.† (Newsome, 2014). The ablity to place your self in the mind of the client and ask questions that are relitive to his frame of thinking is what will help you client open up. Its important to think of how it might feel to have different short term goals and objectives, how th e relatily of a clientRead MoreSmartphone Based Wound Assessment System For Diabetes Patients1537 Words   |  7 Pagescan accelerate wound healing, save travel cost and reduce healthcare expenses. (b) Our arrangement gives picture examination calculations that keep running on a Smartphone, and along these lines give a minimal effort and simple to-utilize gadget for self-administration of foot ulcers for patients with sort 2 diabetes. III LITERATURE SURVEY In literature, the problem and the previous techniques of ulcer detection system is described Lei Wang et.al states that a structure that Design a very productiveRead MoreWho Is The Client Meets All Criteria For Bipolar I Due?1511 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve are not clinically attached to this particular manic episode, where he is now saying, â€Å"My skin is coming off in clumps†. 2. Score the WHODAS and report the results. In one paragraph, interpret the results of the WHODAS. How can this information benefit you as a clinician? Understanding and communicating Mild – Moderate Getting around Severe Self-care Mild Getting along with people None – Mild Life activities – Household Moderate Life activities – School/work Severe Participation in society MildRead MoreThe Roots Of Tea From Japan1472 Words   |  6 Pages TYPOLOGY REPORT INTA3222: CRITICAL PERSPECTIVES ASSESMENT 2 NAME: ANNA LI STUDENT NUMBER: 3415239 TUTOR: BELLA DUNSTAN WORD COUNT: The roots of tea settled in Japan during 1191, marking the beginnings of Japanese tea ceremonies and architecture. The architecture of teahouses in Japan bloomed slowly, with the birth of tea masters and disciples. The architects of these spaces were credited with the art of tea before the analysis and creations of rooms to share this art. Many of these

Principles of Sustainability Vulnerability

Question: Discuss about thePrinciples of Sustainabilityfor Vulnerability. Answer: Introduction Vulnerability towards a specific issue is the most pressing issue in the present world, of which energy sustainability and water sustainability are the most important issues. It is of great importance to assess and understand the serious issues which are within the system and to compare and contrast the measures related to energy sustainability and water sustainability in various Countries (Afghan Carvalho nd). Sustainability index and the safety index are two critical factors which can evaluate and prepare a system for achieving optimum development in the World. In this report, we would evaluate various actions taken by Australia and Singapore related to energy sustainability and water sustainability especially with relation to the factors given below. Government regulation of Australia and Singapore regarding energy and water sustainability Key scientific research and technological innovation of Australia and Singapore The actions of non-government organisations and the private sectors in Australia and Singapore Exemplar projects in Australia and Singapore Step 1 Australia Government Regulation of Australia Regarding Energy and Water Sustainability The development of the aspect of sustainability has become the most important objective of various Countries and its Governments. Sustainable Australia with its strategy Sustainable Communities Strategy has been formed to enhance the present and future generations with effective policies as a response to the arising issues of the environment and economies. Government has formed a National Urban Policy where they have been enhancing urban living conditions while promoting the regional development and improving ways of planning and evaluating change. The Australian Government has been delivering environmental sustainability by introducing carbon price which has been formed to achieve an effective greenhouse effect through cost effective measures and this is called as the clean energy initiative. Water sustainability issues have been addressed by introducing water security campaigns which would run over 10 years. This especially has targeted the Murray Darling Basin and the setting of network of marine protection while implementing National Waste Policies. The Government has also been influencing the growth of population by targeting a population limit. The main objective of the Government was that they should achieve an optimum population which can enable and facilitate an increased water supply which can increase the food production and an increase in renewable energy sources. Key Scientific Research and Technological Innovation Technological developments and communication have bene greater sources of enablers for most of the Australians to live and work remotely. This has also enabled the Australians to form organizations at remote locations from their main customer bases and stay within the communication networks with their families. The Government has taken various measures for improving the social and economic opportunities through various initiatives like Government investments in the National Broadband network which can enhance the living conditions for the Australians. The technological innovation has also been achieved through various implementations like the immigrant programs where they have used the skills of the immigrants in order to develop their production, marketing, management and technological fields. This move has resulted in a greater advancement with higher proportions of employees participating in developing the technological fields in Australia. The Actions of Non-Government Organisations and the Private Sectors Australia being one of the most fastest developing urban countries in the world with around 70 75% of its population in the urban areas, the private sectors and the non-government organisations are able to contribute effectively for the investment and support for achieving the energy and water sustainability (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011). The Government of Australia has committed to bring in greater innovation in Australia with a specific agenda which includes the development of the public and private sectors with commercialisation of newer inputs with effective partnerships between researchers and the international industries sectors. The private sectors with their innovative and productive skilled employees would bring in much awareness in the Country to enhance the ability of better usage of energy which can improve the economic growth from increases in greenhouse gas emission and the usage of energy resources. The Private sectors will be able to adapt and implement the newer technologies to a greater extent in terms of implementing the irrigation, electricity, water and energy consumption policies. Exemplar Projects Australian cities being the most carbon intensive cities in the world, are a lot scarce in terms of water, density, resource efficiency and amenities (Palmer nd). The most well designed project is the Central Park Project in Sydney which has created an efficient mechanism in order to solve these issues mentioned above. The Central Park Project is a new model of an Urban Renewal Project in Sydney which is a system of complex integration model and which can provide a reasonable low carbon energy and a reliable system of water resources (Bureau of Infrastructure 2011). The project innovation has introduced various aspects in terms of technical innovation, governance innovation and commercial innovation. This private sector driven project has introduced a low carbon green transformer system in Sydney which has given a new shape to the Construction industry in Australia (Hugo et al 2010). They have incorporated new and cutting edge technologies in energy and water industries. This has led to creating shared thermal services, creation of newer generation of power facilities which can lead to low - carbon energy emission which can benefit the local community people with a lower impact of carbon presence in water. Step 2 Singapore Government Regulation of Singapore Regarding Energy and Water Sustainability Singapore has been known as the Worlds leading commercial countries with one of the biggest financial centres and the busiest ports. The Country sprang to the first position from fourth position in almost 50 years (Kiong nd). The main mission with which the Country could spring back was to build a competitive economy and to achieve a greater environmental sustainability (Kiong nd). The Government of Singapore has introduced its first green house plan with a 10 year national initiative. In 2009 2010 Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources and Ministry of National Development has prepared a Blue print for creating sustainable Singapore with critical strategies for developing the green growth actively (Kiong nd). The Inter Ministerial Committee has sanctioned $ 1 billion for sustainable development over the period of 5 years. The land use plan and its master plans are reviewed almost every 10 years in order to ensure a sustainable and a liveable community. Key Scientific Research and Technological Innovation Singapore has formed various regulations in terms of the pricing systems, technological projects, raising consumer awareness on environmental sustainability, information and technology, environmental issues like the quality of air, environmental change and energy efficiency including environmental conservation. Key scientific research and technological innovation were related to the policies mentioned below. Introducing policies related to air quality and reducing mobile sources of pollutants Introducing demo projects on renewable energy by testing various solar technologies and by introducing research projects related to energy conservation and risk assessment Enhancement of energy efficiency by framing minimum standards in order to achieve the Green mark certification Improvement of water efficiency programs by water efficient home programs, recycling of water, submission of water management programs in cases of heavy water usage and introduction of water conservation programs in order to improve the value of water Introduction of waste management and participation in recycling and infrastructure support for recycling management The Actions of Non-Government Organisations and the Private Sectors In order to solve the clean water issue and environmental sustainability issue, Singapore as a Country was motivated naturally to introduce newer ways of innovation and to develop new water management methods like water reclamation and sea water desalination. The environment and water industries in Singapore have been identified as the main growing industries where the Government has committed a $ 330 million to fund newer projects related to innovation and capacity building (King nd). Various partnerships between the Government and the Private Organizations have played a critical role in improving the sustainability of Singapores energy and water resources (King nd). The private companies have implemented the projects related to infrastructure in order to showcase their talents and to develop and test their newer commercial solutions to various issues. Exemplar Projects The Government of Singapore runs a Singapore International Water Week where it can showcase different solutions for the green house issues. International industry leaders and experts come to solve issues, introduce new technologies and to introduce their past achievements in the context of conservation of energy and water. There were various projects which were introduced related to Hybrid Electricity Solutions with a local brand, Pacific Light Energy with a partnership with REC a Solar Manufacturing Company. The projects would cover the electricity needs for a 2000 2500 person corporate campus. Step 3 Australia has taken measures for careful planning of its population in order to ensure a sustainable growth for their future. The Government of Australia has taken measures to strengthen the environmental solutions for various issues as a response however I feel that the Government of Singapore has taken various initiatives by collaborating with many International and Large Companies in order to cover their energy and electricity needs (Productivity Commission 2011). Research in Australia was conducted by the Social Inclusion Board and more emphasis was laid on the liveability conditions of the urban areas in Australia which has included financial and affordability conditions of the Country (Anglicare Western Australia 2011). Singapores context was a lot different where research and development was a lot stronger with the presence of Solar Energy Research Institute of Singapore and Energy Research Institute. Australia has also worked towards developing a design and building industry which is considerably efficient in creating buildings in extreme conditions because of its weather. This has also made it collaborate with the other Countries like India, China and Singapore in order to partner with the International brands to develop a greater sustainability of energy and water. Conclusion Australia and Singapore have made their own regulations and policies demonstrating a sustainable model of work to achieve energy sustainability and water sustainability. The Governments had a commitment to achieve their final objective in order to reform their Countries for the enhancement of the communities and its people. References Afghan H Carvalho, M G nd, Sustainability and Safety Evaluation of Energy System, Viewed on Oct 15th 2016, https://www.worldscientific.com/doi/suppl/10.1142/6443/suppl_file/6443_chap01.pdf. Anglicare Western Australia 2011, Rental Affordability Snapshot, Viewed on Oct 15th 2016, www.anglicarewa.org.au/news/. Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2011 (a), Australian National Accounts: National Income, Expenditure and Product, Dec 2010, cat. no. 5206.0, Canberra. Bureau of Infrastructure 2011, Transport and Regional Economics, (forthcoming), Spatial Trends in Australian Population Growth and Movement, BITRE, Canberra. Kiong, G nd, Environment and Water, Viewed on Oct 15th 2016, https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/industries/industries/environment-and-water.html. Kiong, G nd, Clean Energy, Viewed on Oct 15th 2016, https://www.edb.gov.sg/content/edb/en/industries/industries/clean-energy.html. Hugo, G. et al, 2010, Demographic Change and Liveability Panel Report, in DSEWPAC, A sustainable population strategy for Australia, Issues paper and appendices, Canberra. King, P nd, Sustainability City Singapore, Viewed on Oct 15th 2016, https://www.ggbp.org/case-studies/singapore/sustainable-city-singapore Palmer, R nd, Central Park: Sustainable, Liveable, Resilient and Future Ready, Viewed on Oct 15th 2016, https://network.wsp-pb.com/article/central-park-sustainable-liveable-resilient-and-future-ready. Productivity Commission 2011, A sustainable Australian population what role for policy? Submission to the Sustainable Population Strategy Taskforce, Productivity Commission, Canberra.

Theoretical Approaches to the Organizational Development

What is organization development? Organization development refers to a systematic and ongoing process of designing and implementing effective organizational change. It is also a scientific field of inquiry in which scholars study how best organizations can be developed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theoretical Approaches to the Organizational Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The underlying principle of organizational development is therefore the need to implement change in organizations and manage the change so as to achieve certain predetermined objectives (Cummings Worley, 2009, p.1). Theoretical approaches to organizational development Systems approach Most of the modern theoretical approaches to organizations are derived from the systems theory founded by Von Bertalanffy in 1951. It conceptualizes organizations as being composed of sub-systems which interact with each other for the co mmon good of organizations. Each sub-system is considered as being important for the success of the whole and therefore organizations need to be guided by mutual trust, harmony and a unity of purpose. Von Bertalanffy argued that each and every employee was unique and thus there was the need of treating them as such without any cultural stereotypes or prejudices (Burns Flam, 1987, p.381). The systems approach has affected the field of organizational development by making organizations understand that each part of the organization is important for the functioning of the whole. Through the approach, organizations have been able to integrate their various departments to operate in an interdependent manner, a situation which has seen the emergence of what is referred to as line or horizontal management. The harmonization of organizational departments has also led to the emergence of team work in many organizations. The Contingency Approach According to Burns and Stalker in an article ti tled â€Å"The Management of Innovation†, as quoted in the FAO Corporate Document Respiratory, it is not possible to have a universal approach to all situations and that different situations require different guidelines and modes of intervention.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Organizations do not exist in a vacuum but rather exist in an environment which is characterized by social, cultural, economic, political and technical forces. In order for an organization to attain its objectives in an efficient and effective manner, it is good to consider the environments in which it exists and come up with strategies which match those environments, then cultivate an organizational culture which would enable it to thrive in those environments. The contingency approach has affected organizational development in that organizations have become more inclusive in the proc ess of decision making, which has seen employees have the permission to micromanage their work and come up with the best ways of performing their duties. The reason is that managements have realized that full control of employees may interfere with their productivity, which in turn negatively affects that of the organizations (Donaldson, 2001, p.5). Socio-Technical Theory According to Pasmore in an article titled â€Å"Designing Effective Organizations†, and as quoted in the FAO Corporate Document Respiratory, each and every organization comprises of the people, the environment and a technical system. The social system is composed of the employees while the technical system is composed of knowledge, tools and techniques used by the social system. According to Pasmore therefore, there is a need to maintain equilibrium between these subsystems so that organizations may be effective and efficient. The social technical theory has made organizations to integrate employees’ work with technology with a view of maximizing the available opportunities for attaining organizational goals and objectives (Thompson, 2003). Action research approach The approach conceptualizes organizational development as a product of a bottom up strategy to organizational improvement. The philosophy behind the action research approach is that any effective change must be based on evidence. The approach has its roots in Kurt Lewin, who is considered by many scholars as the father of organizational change and development.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Theoretical Approaches to the Organizational Development specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Lewin came up with what he called three stage theory which involves three stages or steps namely unfreezing, changing and freezing (Cummings Worley, 2009). The first step of unfreezing is about doing a cost benefit analysis about the proposed change and weighing whether the pros of the change outweighs the cons, then creating the necessary motivation for the change. This stage is therefore the preparatory stage and is very crucial because it determines the success of the change if effected. When employees are highly motivated to change, the resistance to change is minimized and vice versa (Cameron Green, 2009). The next stage is the change stage which is also known as the transition stage and involves implementing the change. This is the hardest stage in change implementation because employees are always reluctant to move out of their comfort zones despite any motivation (Burke, 2011). During this stage therefore, employees need to be guided and encouraged to undertake the change. The final stage is the freezing stage, which is also known as refreezing stage. During this stage, the organization has successfully sailed through the change process and is now leaving in a new dispensation. There is therefore the need of creating a new culture in the organization which is in line with the new organizational dispensation (Cummings Worley, 2009). Action research has affected organizational development in a variety of ways. In fact, it is the most popular approach in determining organization development in that many organizations actually base their changes on research. Through research, organizations are able to initiate changes based on data collection and analysis. Some usually develop strategic plans based on empirical data. Programs are also implemented through a rigorous process which is composed of base line surveys, monitoring and evaluation of the programs in an ongoing process. Forces which influenced the emergence of organizational development The social force The social force which influenced the emergence of organizational development was the shift from the classical management theories which viewed employees as robots to be operated by the managers to the human relations approach to management which views emp loyees as social beings with physical, emotional and psychological needs.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The shift brought the need for organizations to put in place fare employee practice which involves things like employee training, team work, flexible working and scholarships to the employees. Through this, organizations are able to improve the competencies of their employees thus leading to increased efficiency, effectiveness and productivity (Jones Brazzel, 2006). Political forces The political forces which led to the emergence of organizational development were the events of the World War II. Prior to the war, organizations largely relied on the scientific management theory by Taylor. Taylor’s theory was synonymous to colonization in that it viewed employees as laborers and the managers as all knowing elites with an all round knowledge virtually in all aspects of organizational processes, functioning and procedures. After the world war, nations of the world realized that collaboration with each other was far much better than elimination of rivals or competing ideologies. As a result, organizations realized that all stakeholders were important for their success. Managers therefore started embracing employee inputs by allowing them to be creative, innovative and flexible while discharging their duties. The result was increased productivity because some employees actually had unique talents, which made organizations improve their levels of attainment of objectives (Bradford Burke, 2005). Economic force The economic force which led to organizational development was the global recession of the 1980s, a period of poor economic performance characterized by low gross domestic product for countries, reduced productivity, less income for those working or doing business, inflation and high costs of living. The recession affected virtually all aspects of human life including organizations both in the public ad private sector. Due to the recession, organizations were forced to come up with strategies of cutting on operational costs. One way mostly adopted was t hat of training employees so as to enable them undertake various tasks within an organization. Interpersonal force Globalization is the interpersonal force which led to the emergence of organizational development. It can be defined as the minimization of the differences between people of the world and the maximization of their similarities through interactions, cooperation and communication. The advancement in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has transformed the world into a global village. Through ICT and improved means of transport, people are more than ever able to do business with each other without any form of barriers (Scholte, 2005). Through globalization, organizations have found themselves opening new branches in other countries. Examples of such organizations which have used globalization as an aspect of development include Tesco in the United Kingdom and Wal- Mart stores in the United States. References Bradford, D. L., Burke, W. W. (Eds.). (2005). Reinvent ing organization development: New approaches to change in organizations. San Francisco, CA: Wiley. Burns, T.R., Flam, H. (1987). The shaping of social organization : social rule system theory with applications. London: Sage Publishers. P.381. Burke , W.W.(2011). Organisation change: theory and practice.(3rd Edn.). Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications. Cameron, E., Green, M.(2009). Making sense of change management : a complete guide to the models, tools techniques of organisational change. London: Philadelphia. Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2009). Organization development and change (9th Edn.) Mason: OH, South-Western Cengage Learning. P.1. Donaldson, L. (2001). The contingency theory of organizations. Thousand Oaks, Calif. Sage Publishers. P.5. Jones, B. B., Brazzel, M. (Eds.). (2006). The NTL handbook of organization development and change: Principles, practices, and perspectives. San Francisco, CA: Pfeiffer. Scholte, J. A. (2005). Globalisation: A Critical Introduction, (2nd Edn.). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Thompson, J.D. (2003). Organizations in action: social science bases of administrative theory. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. This research paper on Theoretical Approaches to the Organizational Development was written and submitted by user Kailyn Phillips to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Spelling Diverges Between American and British English

How Spelling Diverges Between American and British English How Spelling Diverges Between American and British English How Spelling Diverges Between American and British English By Mark Nichol As George Bernard Shaw is said to have said, â€Å"England and America are two countries separated by the same language.† It’s easy enough to find books and Web sites that provide evidence to back the old boy up, detailing such transoceanic translations as elevator/lift and critical divergences such as the relative meanings of â€Å"knocked up† (British English: â€Å"called on,† â€Å"woke up,† or â€Å"worn out†: American English: â€Å"impregnated†). What you’ll find here, however, is a discussion of differences not in vocabulary but in spelling between the English language’s two primary variants. The blame for the ornery orthography of American English (which is even more annoying to its users than to those who speak other variants of the language, because we actually have to, you know, use it) is primary laid at the oft-pedestal-mounted feet of Noah Webster, a nineteenth-century writer, editor, and lexicographer who almost single-handedly created the dialect I will hereafter in this post abbreviate as AE (as opposed to BE, or British English). Webster’s impetus was nationalistic he desired a distinct language for Americans that they could feel they owned, and one that represented democratic ideals as well. The problem is, for all his meticulousness, he was maddeningly inconsistent, and the myriad successors who have added to the American word-hoard have followed suit. Here, to do my part to make amends, is a brief guide to the major distinctions in AE and BE spelling (and within AE spelling itself), with one or more examples: -ae (encyclopaedia, mediaeval) AE usually deletes the a from the diphthong ae, which is unfortunate, because the words look so cool with it. It is retained, however, in such words as aesthetic (though that word is also spelled esthetic). -ed (fitted, forecasted, knitted) AE usually drops the past-tense ending in these words. However, exceptions are made in such usages as â€Å"The tailor fitted him for a tuxedo.† -ed [irregular] (lighted, strived) AE prefers forms such as lit and strove, though the BE forms are often employed. -ement (acknowledgement, arguement, judgement) AE omits the first e from the suffix, though some writers of AE remain unaware as far as the first and third examples are concerned. -ence (defence, licence, offence) AE spells these words with an s in place of a c. -ise/-yse (analyse, criticise, memorise, realise) AE favors -ize/-yze endings. -l (enrol, fulfil, skilful) AE doubles the l that is not part of -ful/ful-; the l in that syllable is never doubled (except in inflected forms of full). -lled/-lling (cancelled/cancelling, levelled/levelling, travelled/travelling) AE omits one l in this form; some writers of AE still haven’t received the memo. -mme (diagramme, programme, telegramme) AE omits the second m and the e at the end of these words. -ogue (analogue, catalogue, dialogue, epilogue) In AE, catalog is clipped, though the full form is preferred for all its analogues. (See?) -our (colour, favour, honour, labour) In AE, the u is jettisoned in most words with -our; glamour is an exception. -oeuvre (manoeuvre) AE simplifies this ending to -euver (maneuver). -que (banque, checque) In AE, the French-influenced -que is replaced by a Germanic k. -re (centre, litre, metre, theatre) In AE, the letters in the -re ending are reversed, though the BE spelling for the first and last examples is sometimes employed in proper names for facilities to convey Old World class. -st (amidst, amongst) In AE, amid and among are preferred, though many writers of AE, professionals and amateurs alike, retain the -st ending. -t (dreamt, leapt, learnt) AE replaces -t with -ed, though some writers of AE, out of ignorance or because they prefer the more poetically pleasing appearances, use the BE form. -wards (backwards, inwards, upwards) AE omits the -s, though many writers of AE retain it (often inconsistently from one word to another). -xion (complexion, connexion) This suffix is unique to complexion, spelled identically in AE and BE, and connexion, now almost obsolete in the United Kingdom. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Whimsical WordsRound vs. Around5 Keys to Better Sentence Flow

How to Register for the SAT as a Homeschooled Student

How to Register for the SAT as a Homeschooled Student SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips What registration code to you use to register for the SAT as a homeschooled student, and what considerations should you remember? Read our guide to get the details. How to Register as a Home Schooled Student If you are a home schooled student, you register for the SAT the same as everyone else, either by paper or online. The only thing that will be different will be when you fill in your SAT high school code. For home schoolers in the United States, it is a universal number: 970000 Generally, everything else will be the same, though there is a procedure to follow in case you have problems finding an acceptable ID. I bring this up in particular because most students can use their school photo ID, but as a home schooled student that won’t be an option for you. If you don’t have acceptable identification If you do not have an acceptable photo ID then there are options you can take. An acceptable photo ID means anything government or school issued that contains a recent photo of you. If the photo isn’t recent, then it is not acceptable. For example, if you use your passport and your photo is from when you were 10, then it’s possible that your ID will be rejected and you will not be able to sit for the test. CollegeBoard allows you to print out a student ID form with a recent photo of yourself affixed to it and bring it in on test day. If you are known by a high school counselor or other staff at a local high school, you can ask to print this student ID form on the school letterhead or you can download and print both sides. Then affix the photo and fill in your name and date of birth. If you have no acquaintances in the local high school, then take the form, with a suitable ID photo and a signature to a notary public. They will follow the directions on the form to complete it. Make sure that when they apply the notary or school seal, it overlaps with your photo. Sign the form and have the official sign and date the form too. You will be asked to sign the ID form again at the test center. The form must be dated and is only good for one year. (So it applies to all the SAT tests you might take within that one year.) Check out our Online SAT Registration article for more details on the SAT registration process. What are the advantages of taking the SAT for home schoolers? The SAT test validates your schooling to colleges, especially if you do better than average. It shows them that you know as much as any private or public school student who scored in that range. Moreover, if you score above average for your area, it sets you apart and shows colleges that you might be a good candidate. It helps you find out how prepared you are for college because of the basic concepts tested by the SAT. They test basic math, reading, writing, and reasoning skills that will be relevant for completing high school. How well you do may indicate how well you have grasped the basics that you were taught in your high school equivalent years. It can give you some confidence in your academic strengths if you feel unprepared for college as a home schooler. Know that, as a home schooler, you will likely do better on the SAT than the average of your local public high school students. When you get your results back, you’ll believe it. It prepares you for taking long exams in college and gives you a taste of high pressure testing. College exams are no easy thing, and becoming familiar with how to take long and challenging exams is an important skill to acquire. What's Next? If you're curious, read about the relation between the SAT Scores and Academic Achievement, though keep in mind How the SAT is different from a high school test. Check out the Average SAT Score by State to see what your local averages are and what you need to get to stand out! You can also learn about how to get into the top engineering schools like Caltech or MIT with your SATs. If you're nervous, learn about the 3 Sources of SAT Anxiety and how to manage them. If its the testing issues that will be solved with the new SAT, then first check out the article on whether you should take the new or old SAT. This Compete Guide to the New SAT may also help. If you would prefer the ACTs after all, then How to sign up for the ACT should help you understand. Want to improve your SAT score by 240 points?We've written a guide about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

The History Of Christopher Columbus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The History Of Christopher Columbus - Essay Example Prior to hardcore revelations made by Bigelow regarding the extraordinarily respectful public hero Columbus, the American nation strongly believed that Columbus was the courageous navigator who took great pains to travel around the world and discover the land of America, where he found the local people to be extremely co-operative, friendly, and understanding. The fresh and riveting information introduced by Bigelow in his revisionist history based on the voyage made by Columbus in 1492 has turned many persons’ heads and rustled up hot debates regarding which version of the voyage made by Columbus is weighty and credible, the old traditional one or the new not-so-pretty version. Comparing the conventional and modern versions regarding Columbus’s historical journey, one remains dumbfounded as to what to believe and what to reject as a fake piece of information. If on one hand, the conventional historical version presents an extremely noble, well-mannered, compassionate, and heroic version of Columbus, then on other hand, the modern version introduced by Bigelow is enough to fervently shake one’s beliefs about various actions made by Columbus to the point that one starts seeing oneself as a submissive fool, who readily took what was taught in the schools at mere face value. Traditional historical version is so designed as to overlook all the deficiencies in Columbus’s character and present him as a man of larger-than-life vision who was dedicated to the native residents of America and treated them with remarkable dignity, while taking great care to give them their space so that they could live their lives the way they were prior to the di scovery and arrival of Columbus and his men. Bigelow claims that first of all, the word discovery is in itself a laughably loaded word that does not relate in any way to Columbus, who was just travelling for personal gain and certainly ambitious to search for riches and gold that could be enjoyed by him and his heirs. It was just a mater of co-incidence that he came across the land which was to be named America later. Columbus’s main intention never remained traveling for the sake of discovery, rather he travelled in an order to search for ways that could make him powerful. T hunger for power and money is just proved by the way Columbus and his men treated the native residents of America. Columbus forced the native people to choose him as their governor and unjustifiably demanded 10% share in everything that was shipped to Spain. It was Columbus who actually initiated the slave trade and like a brutal tyrant that he was, demanded large amounts of gold from the native people. The conventional and modern historical versions differ so hugely that one finds oneself entrapped between the two utterly opposite schools of thought. Speaking of Columbus, (Bigelow) says that â€Å"he also deserves credit for initiating the trans-Atlantic slave trade, albeit in the opposite direction than we’re used to thinking of it.† In an attempt to get more and more students acquainted with the modern version of Columbus’s history, Bigelow lays stress on the fact that taking any piece of information at its face value is a highly detestable attitude which should be despised by every student. Bigelow encourages students to explore and contemplate at length nearly every widely accepted belief because only in this way, fresh and crisp facts can be exposed before the public. He deliberately chose the historical issue of Columbus and his actual intentions because he knew this would prove to be the most interesting way to get hold of the

SOCIOLOGY (BOOK HOWELL and COSTLEY) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

SOCIOLOGY (BOOK HOWELL and COSTLEY) - Essay Example n is considered to be one of the most important factors and all most all the companies look for new methods to motivate the employees and to bring out the best out of them. This paper will focus upon the different leadership behaviors and the best leadership behavior which should be adopted to meet the company’s goals. Leader effectiveness is determined by what people do, not by some inherent personal characteristic... Im not saying personal characteristics dont help; they certainly do. But leaders have to adapt their behavioral styles to fit the situations in which they find themselves" (p. 7).   Howell says the good news is most people can learn leader behaviors and learn to recognize situations in which certain behaviors are most important.   Howell and Costley (2001) argue for the match of leader behavior, leader traits and characteristics, follower characteristics, and the situation at hand.   And there are seven leader types, fit for various behavioral processes and situations in my read of their leader theory: And now we have left the obsession with one best style of leadership. There is no universal style. There is as I have suggested, a dimension of behaviors running between Transactional and Transformational. The behavior school to this point is fixated on the transactional. To find transformational we must sail to the Isle of Situation.† ( Howell and Costley, 12 September 2008). The same principles of Howell and Costley are elucidates in the paper. There are mainly five major behavior patterns namely, supportive behavior, directive behavior, participative behavior, reward and punishment behavior and charismatic behavior. Every behavior pattern has its own pros and cons. But the behavior pattern which works out the best is undoubtedly reward and punishment behavior. In this the terms and conditions are made very clear to the employees, any breach of these terms and conditions result in punishment, on the other hand if the employee performs well,

Four Views to The College Conspiracy Essay Example for Free

Four Views to The College Conspiracy Essay In May of 2011 a video by the National Inflation Association (N.I.A) surfaced on YouTube gathering over two million views and opening the eyes of people to the American college system. According to the producers of this video, College is the largest scam in US history! Is college a worth-while investment? Is it just a way for the government to stimulate the economy? Are college degrees really a necessity in performing on the job? All of these questions have been asked and answered with both yes and no. Four writers with different views on this matter have written up articles concerning this issue. While reading through the articles one will notice that the views for each author are backed up by examples and statistics but differ in viewpoints, resulting taking different sides to this topic. In the first article, by The Christian Science Monitor, examples of successful entrepreneurs without degrees like Mark Zuckerberg of Facebook and Peter Thiel of Paypal were given to the audience. The writer then expresses his belief that not everyone is cut out for college, some would be better suited to vocational training, but the United States needs more well-educated people to compete in the world economy. Statistics on how college degree recipients have a decreased likelihood of unemployment and receive increased wages on average are then given. The next article, from the New York Times, opens up by revisiting America’s past decision to make high school open to the public and how education has benefitted the United States. The writer makes a comparison between the current situation of the importance of higher education to the America’s past decision. Studies stated that prove a bachelor’s degree is an asset even for those whose jobs do not require any degree. He states that, beyond the monetary value of a degree, education seems to make people happier and healthier. Quoting M.I.T economist, David Autor, writer states his opinion on how not sending a child to college would be a disaster. Different statistical evidence were then used. Once financial aid was taken into account, the average net tuition of public four-year college were approximately $2000, a lot less than what most people presume the cost to be. A recipient of a college degree makes 83 percent more than those with only a high-school diploma. Citing the Hamilton Project, a research group in Washington, an investment in a college degree has a 15 percent annual return, 8 percent more than stock investment, and 14 percent more than in real estate. On the other hand, article three, by John Stossel disagrees with the potency of a college education in the working world. He starts the article with examples of successful non-degree holders, Michael Dell, Mark Zuckerberg, Bill Gates, Mark Cuban, Richard Branson, Simon Cowell and Peter Jennings. Stossel then shares his opinion that for many people, college is a scam. He then states the opinions of his Fox Televison partner Richard Vedder. Sharing similar view points, Vedder reasons out that students who do well in college often did well in high school, even though most students, even those who did poorly in high school, are pushed into college. He then asks as to why colleges accept the lower-tier of students and answers that question by stating that government loans ensure students are able to pay for college, even at the risk of long term debt, which fuels the academia. Giving out some statistics to back up the claim, Stossels points out the high percentages of baggage porters, bellhops and taxi and limo drivers have a college degree that they did not require to obtain their current jobs. The last article comes from Marty Nemko, a career counselor. She gives her personal experiences during her job when students are disturbed by the amount of money they have already spent on their education but still lack the units to complete their degree program. She then gives out the statistic that among college freshman who graduated in the bottom 40 percent of their high school, 76 percent won’t earn a diploma even if given 8 Â ½ years. Yet colleges admit these students and take their money. 23 percent of the students themselves are unprepared for college and students learn less in college than what is led on to believe, only having 16.4 percent of students satisfied with the instruction given to them. These four sources gave their own personal opinions and back them up with sufficient evidence in the form of examples, testimonies, and statistics. The Christian Science Monitor takes into account, not only each individuals need for a college degree, but also the country’s need for college graduates to compete in the world market. The New York Times’ article takes finances into account giving reasons to why college degrees are actually affordable, with the proper financial aid, and how they pay off once they’re put to good use. John Stossel takes his views the college system as a for profit organization, where, although some are able to use their education in the working world, many don’t and the college system takes advantage of the mass of hopefuls who try to better their lives, successful or not. Marty Nemko draws from her own personal experiences as a career counselor dealing with college students and their problems in taking the college route. What the discussion comes down to is how are the four authors interpreting the data they are given and how do their own viewpoints make them subjective to the matter. One side believes that a college education is a worth-while investment while the other believes that it is just a waste of time and money. Works Cited Americas Most Overrated Product: Higher Education. What Colleges Must Do: What Parents Must Do. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2013. The College Scam. Fox News. FOX News Network, 06 July 2011. Web. 24 Jan. 2013. Is College a Scam? The Christian Science Monitor. The Christian Science Monitor, 15 Sept. 2011. Web. 25 Jan. 2013. Leonhardt, David. ECONOMIC SCENE; Even for Cashiers, College Pays Off. The New York Times. The New York Times, 26 June 2011. Web. 26 Jan. 2013.

Updike, Harry Angstrom and Me :: essays research papers

This is a prose-poem on Updike. It follows Updike through his Rabbit Tetralogy. _______________________________ UPDIKE John Updike’s Rabbit tetralogy chronicles reflectively the decades since I first had contact with the Baha’i Faith back in 1953. With the help of a Guggenheim Fellowship Updike was working on the first of these four books, Rabbit, Run, when I became a Baha’i in October 1959. The book was published a few months later in 1960 and is the story of a young man, one Harry ‘Rabbit’ Angstrom, from a small town in the USA. The book concerns Harry’s attempts to escape the constraints of life. In my teens I, too, lived in a small town and, although I could see the attractiveness of escaping from social constraints, I also left the need for a set of limits. I was only too well aware of just how easily I could go beyond the appropriate limits. By the late fifties I could see what happened to those who did escape from life’s, from society’s, constraints. I knew from personal experience by my early teens, by 1957, what it was like to be c aught stealing, breaking and entering, going too far sexually, misbehaving around the family home, at school or with my play-mates and pushing the envelope of life. Had I read Updike’s book, Rabbit, Run I think I would have had my need, my desire, for limits reinforced. The Baha’i Faith provided that framework, those limits, at a critical stage in my life, my mid-teens. This Faith also provided that sense of the sacredness of life which is at the centre of Updike’s work. When I was preparing to leave North America for Australia in 1970/1 people were watching the movie Rabbit, Run. It had opened just as I began planning to leave Canada in 1970. Rabbit Redux, Updike’s sequel to Rabbit, Run came out four months after I arrived in Sydney for what became my life in Australia. Harry Angstrom took to the road in 1971 in Rabbit Redux as I took to a different road in the southern hemisphere. Updike’s final two Rabbit books took Harry Angstrom into the 1990s and his rather bleak retirement and old age. The following prose-poem compares and contrasts my life with Harry’s. –Ron Price with thanks to â€Å"Articles on John Updike’s Works,† in The New York Times on the Web.

Pope Urban At Clermont

Pope urban II addressed the urgent need to act upon the Persians and their Napier private behavior. He explains the acts of the Persians and how gruesome they were towards t he empire. Curiously, I saw the ellipsis in the third paragraph and decided to look into the speech h further. The pope further describes the extreme violence the Persians enacted In detail. Pope urban II lets his people know that they need to take action and that Jerusalem belongs to the people of God and that the Persians do not rightfully deserve to own t e land.He makes the people believe that they really need to take action and as soon as possible. He was able to get them to chant â€Å"It Is the will of God, It Is the will of God. † and convinced the m that It was God who made them chant it in unison. He grabs the audience's attention and eke peps them interested enough to actually make them have a sense of pride and want to act or do whatever the Pope wants them to do. This Is extremely similar to c ontemporary politics. It has been done multiple times In the past decade alone.The Pope talks to the people of the empire salary to the way pres dent Bush spoke to people of the United States when going to war with Iraq. Both speakers (Pop e urban II and President Bush) were able to use specific home events to engage the people and make them feel a sense of togetherness as a whole. When President Bush spoke to the united SST dates, he was able to bring the minds and pride of Americans to join together and bring Justice. The e Pope also points out the â€Å"uncleanness† of the Persians; that the people of the empire are much higher than that of the Persians.He convinces them that It Is what is right, when truthfully, he has no Idea what could possible come of It. Similarly, President Barack Obama used a tactic like this when talking about the problems in the middle east. He convinces the public that it is in our best interest to I intervene with middle eastern issues. Pope Urb an II Is able to convince his followers that fighting the Persians is in the best benefit of the people of the empire. He uses Important events to help the people lists

Technological Advancement of the 19th Century

The end of the nineteenth century brought about a huge change in the way the United States worked as a nation, making the United States the world’s most productive nation. The nation as a whole was advancing rapidly and new inventions were bringing about new ways of life. Due to the invention railroads and efficient machinery, there was a rise in big businesses which were looking to expand as much as possible. Initially, nearing the end of the nineteenth century, railroads covered majority of the United States.Railroads calmed the tension of transporting goods and materials, helping further the production of goods. The invention of railroads was the seed that helped big businesses grow. The making of railroads efficiently helped move large, bulk items that contributed to further drop the cost of transporting goods to the national market. During this time, Cornelius Vanderbilt, a railroad magnate gained great power and fortunes from uniting smaller rail lines into national corp orations.The invention of railroads itself sparked the railroad industry and helped to lower transportation prices in an already suppressed economy. Likewise, the invention of railroads not only promoted goods but it also promoted the steel industry. With railroads being constructed hastily, the steel industry and hit a big boom and almost became a major industry. The steel business was managed by a man named Andrew Carnegie and this big boom in the industry made the steel business flourish which made Carnegie rich.Times changing with the invention of the railroad and people looking for work gave businesses the advantage to expand and rise. Carnegie bought up all the iron mines and took on coal as a partner for his industry to lead in the steel industry. He produced steel cheaply and lowered his prices, which allowed him buy out any other steel company which made his company expand and be dominant in the steel industry, thus monopolizing the industry in a process known as vertical i ntegration.Furthermore, with the combination of proficient machinery and continental railroads, they both helped to form not only fast transportation and better consumer products but it also helped to build a nation. The United States was becoming an urban nation by the end of the 19th century. Railroads supplied cities and towns with food, fuel, building materials, and access to markets. Railroads even helped shape the physical growth of cities and towns. Railroads also attracted many tourists to the United States and helped provide many cities with imported goods.In summation, in response to the Industrial Age, the United States changed and adapted in numerous ways. Machinery and industrialization helped stimulate the United States economy, furthered urban expansion and helped the United States grow into the business world it is today. The United States was and still is advancing and leading the world as the most productive nation, making the Industrial Age one of the biggest impa cts in American history. As a last thought, who would have thought that a nation could be built from just a simple railroad built from steel?

Children in Religion Essay

Children in Religion Essay Children in Religion Essay India Jones 9:00-9:50 Children And Religion With the increasing number of families turning to secular humanism as a replacement for religion, many questions arise when concerning raising a family. Should religion be a part of every child’s upbringing? Could the views of a secular humanistic family raise morally conscious adults? With the many questions that arise from the issue of secular humanism I look at the many reasons that bring people to the conclusion that this is right for them and their families. As Katharine Ozment, author of Losing our religion in the Boston magazine states in her article, many adult begin to drift away from the religion they were bought up to practice because they feel as if they were forced to believe something that their parents believed. When growing up it becomes easy to quit the rituals, stop celebrating the holidays, and to ignore the social preferences that go along with their previous religion. Secular humanism gives those individuals who don’t fit into the major religions such as Christianity, Judaism, and Buddhism, a title. Even though the religions were created my different philosophers, with different mindsets and beliefs on how the world was created and works one thing that remains in common between them all is the morality and ethics. Secular humanist don’t believe in a afterlife, or salvation, which provide insight on what will happen to your body or soul after death when you live a fulfilling life according to your religion. It’s hard to believe that they have morals if they don’t concern themselves with how they live their lives based on the preconceptions of society. Secular Humanism doesn’t seem like a good replacement for religion for those reasons but when community service is brought into the argument it makes room for a difference of opinion. If a secular humanist spends time doing charitable work such as feeding the homeless, or keeping the community clean which shows good character, its hard to say that they lack good moral teaching. People go to church to feel uplifted, and doing community service can give one the same feeling. To say that doing so is a replacement for church service seems right. In church lessons are learned through a priest reading passages out of the sacred readings of the religion. Through community service lessons are learned through action on your part, which almost makes it more personal. The ideal way for me on how to teach a child about religion is to raise them up with a clear understanding on what their religious background is. If a child grows up without having an official position on religion then they will incorrectly learn how to morally carry themselves throughout life. The children’s peers become their teachers when the parents should be the ones to instruct morals. And example of this in Losing our religion is when at the thanksgiving table the child thanks Jesus when

Should Same-Sex Marriages Be Made Legal

Should Same-Sex Marriages Be Made Legal Same-Sex Marriages Should Certainly Not Be Made Legal Our Changing World Calling something marriage does not make it marriage. Marriage has always been a covenant between a man and a woman which is by its nature ordered toward the procreation and education of children and the unity and wellbeing of the spouses. The promoters of same-sex â€Å"marriage† propose something entirely different. They propose the union between two men or two women. This denies the self-evident biological, physiological, and psychological differences between men and women which find their complementarity in marriage. It also denies the specific primary purpose of marriage: the perpetuation of the human race and the raising of children. Two entirely different things cannot be considered the same thing. Something is legal if it adheres to the law, and in America when the Supreme Court passes new federal legislation, then the states have the power to incorporate it into a state law. Despite the fact, that the world itself, as well as a lot of moral principles, is changing greatly these days same-sex marriage should not be made legal. In years past, it was an issue seldom discussed, but today homosexuality is a big problem. In a Christian society, marriage could exist only between man and woman, husband and wife. But, unfortunately, things are different today. Same-sex marriages could be made legal if the people vote to legalize it. In a democratic society, the people of a state or city or county votes to pass legislation usually once a federal institution like the Supreme Court of the United States of America deems something constitutional or not. If it becomes the will of the people, of the voting-friendly, democratic republic, then it becomes legal and should be strictly enforced.  Some people state that same-sex marriage should be made legal because everyone has the right to be happy, to marry the person who completes their lives, the person of their dreams, their lover, their life partner. But its a big lie. Same-sex relationship is nothing more than a sin. Healthy Family Healthy Society Our world really needs more people who are in love, who can start a family with the person they love. That makes for a better, safer, happier world with healthy, wealthy families. For that reason, men should marry women and women should marry men. Same-sex marriages destroy healthy mentality, moral principles, and peoples lives. Traditional marriage is usually so fecund that those who would frustrate its end must do violence to nature to prevent the birth of children by using contraception. It naturally tends to create families. On the contrary, same-sex â€Å"marriage† is intrinsically sterile. If the â€Å"spouses† want a child, they must circumvent nature by costly and artificial means or employ surrogates. The natural tendency of such a union is not to create families.Therefore, we cannot call a same-sex union marriage and give it the benefits of true marriage. Therefore, same-sex marriages should not be made legal, despite the fact that there are a number of same-sex couples in the world already. The world is and will be always changing, but it doesnt mean that its for better. Bible teaches how God punished Sodom and Gomorrah for the sin of homosexuality: â€Å"The Lord rained down sulfurous fire upon Sodom and Gomorrah. He overthrew those cities and the whole Plain, together with the inhabitants of the cities and the produce of the soil.†

Human Health and the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human Health and the Environment - Essay Example The differences between the two diseases are their lifetime immunity which Malaria has but the same cannot be said for yellow fever. Malaria is characterized by â€Å"uncontrollable shaking† while â€Å"Yellow fever is characterized by weakness and dizziness†.(Pinheiro & Rosa Ap, 1978) C. Why are yellow fever and malaria not threats at present in North America? The reason that both of these viruses are no longer present in United States of America is because of the fact that government has initiated vaccination programs, which has made it possible to eradicate both these diseases from the U.S and there is â€Å"strict laws for vaccination of immigrants and travelers coming from countries where malaria is still present and also for tourists travelling from US to abroad†. (Kilpatrick et al, 2006) D. Why is malaria such a significant hazard in Africa? Malaria is a serious hazard in Africa because of the fact that health care in Africa is virtually non-existent. Ther e are NGO’s and non-profit organizations working with African governments to eradicated diseases like HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Yellow Fever but to no avail because of the â€Å"corruption and lack of awareness among the African populace about these diseases†. ... E. Why does the number of West Nile virus cases in people increase in warmer weather? (1 points) Because the Mosquitoes gather the virus in early fall that is why the spread of this virus is most common in warm weather or summer. (Kilpatrick et al, 2006) 2. Write a criticism of the following proposition: â€Å"Although it is impossible to measure the gains exactly, a moderately warmer climate...†¦and reduced outlays for clothing†. It is unrealistic in a sense that climate cannot be changed until and unless the above proposition is supporting global warming. For the American people, they have become acquainted to the cold climate that befalls on the North American Continent. Even though a warmer climate would lead to fewer diseases but in the long run it is unrealistic. To decrease the ratio of sick people, it is necessary that people take vaccination, live and eat hygienically and as the saying goes, â€Å"Prevention is better than cure† should be given priority. L ooking at the concept of warm and cold weather, people in cold countries are less sick as compared to people warm countries i.e. India, China, and Pakistan etc. It’s not about how less people get sick depending on the climate it’s about the precaution and prevention they do. Most of us spend winter trying to stay heated, but a little bit of experience of cold weather may not be such a bad factor. There are two types of fat in an individual’s body: white-colored fat and brownish fat. Brown fat is the heat-producing, calorie-burning fat that infants need to control their individual body conditions. Most of it vanishes with age, but grownups maintain some brownish fat. A recent scientific research

Sexuality and Teen Pregnancy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sexuality and Teen Pregnancy - Essay Example I would understand her need for autonomy but would also make her understand that autonomy does not mean engaging in dangerous activities that would risk her future prospects. The concept of teenage pregnancies has always been considered as undesirable in all ages (Holgate, Evans & Yuen, 2006). Actually, the teenagers are pressurized from the society to bring out their sexualities and develop relationships at an age when they have not yet completed their education and are unemployed. Big credit goes to the mass media which has arose feelings of sexuality in teenagers through advertisements and shows that the teenagers see and fantasize ignoring the fact they are too young for it. The sexual urges cover themselves under the name of love and as a result a total demoralization of the society occurs when teenagers make each other sexual objects rather than citizens. Apart from the risk of pregnancy, another important physical issue that is involved in teenage sexual relationship is regard ing the sexually transmitted diseases like AIDS (Talashek, Norr & Dancy, 2003, p.207). It is such a dreadful disease that is not curable, so why should a teenager like Sally take such a big risk? There are mental issues involved in teenage pregnancies too. Getting pregnant would be a total disaster of Sally’s personality if she wanted to step ahead in her educational career. Wilson and Huntington (2006) have discussed in their study how the passing decades have stigmatized the teenage pregnant mothers and what negative social outcomes they suffer from that make them undergo social exclusion and reduced opportunities in education, training and employment.

Human recourse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human recourse - Essay Example Human resource department is mandated to advertise job postings, screen applicants, carry out preliminary interviews and organize hiring efforts together with managers responsible for making the final judgment on selection. Another important function of human resource is to ensure safety training and sustain federally authorized logs workplace fatality reporting. In addition, the human resource department is charged with the responsibility of providing compensation and benefits to the employees. Human resource are also mandated to provide their employees with the necessary tools, which means that they should give new employees broad orientation training to help them transit to the new organization culture. Compliance to the employment and labor laws is a critical function of the human resource department. The human resource practitioners must be knowledgeable of the state and federal employment laws such as Labor Standards, Title VII of the civil rights among other laws. By using the basic human resource tools such as organizational redesign, job redesign process redesign and competency model development, businesses are able to effectively align their support and selling processes to the changing business realities. Human resource brings value to any business by executing the strategies through constructing organizational capability. The human resource department is considered as a link between the products an organization offers and the employees it hires. An efficiently run human resource department can be crucial to guarantee that a business runs efficiently and smoothly daily. The basic role human resource in relation to the workforce is to training of the new workforce. Human resource experts should provide plenty of training on particular skills that employees need to help them work effectively. They are also responsible of f facilitating communication in the work force. Change is one of the frightening things to a work force. Therefore,

A Critical Analysis Of The Painter English Literature Essay

A Critical Analysis Of The Painter English Literature Essay Ashberys The Painter is a curious poem, with many different layers of meaning to unwrap and unravel, and one that cant simply be read without approaching these levels of comprehension almost too abstract to understand on any one layer. Even having studied it in depth I still feel like Ive barely scratched the surface of this poem, and I tend to think that this was an entirely deliberate act on the authors part using form, style and language to allow multiple interpretations of the poem a comment on nature and humanity, a comment on the production of art or a comment on the idolisation of artists. This poem is a narrative at first reading the simply written story of a painter. Reading more deeply it could be perceived to be a satirical comment on the concept of art and the process of its creation he expected his subject toà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ plaster its own portrait on the canvas  [1]  , or on the idea of an artist in calling the protagonist, who created art, a painter  [2]  , whilst referencing within artists leaning from the buildings  [3]  yet with no indication that these artists produced any kind of art. Finally, the nautical language, wrecks  [4]  and painter  [5]  (the rope used to attach a ship to the docks or land) could lead to an interpretation of the poem being a comment on nature reclaiming land that humanity stole. The poem is undramatised but implies an omniscient third person narrator who takes no part in the action, but reflects on it within. The tone of this narrator is intellectual and neutral, with no indication that the narrator cares for the subject. This narrator does however manage to comment on the thoughts and feelings of the painter, he enjoyedà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ he expected  [6]  indicating that the narrator is the voice of the author, as opposed to also being a character within the poem. It could also be argued that the narrator symbolises God the omniscience and the references to prayer within the poem lend to this interpretation. Just as children imagine a prayer is merely silence  [7]  indicates that the author believes prayer cannot be merely silence, and hence the narrator could be symbolising God, hearing the painting as a prayer. The formal structure of the poem is six and a half stanzas. The six stanzas narrate his history, almost in the fashion of speech, using a lot of enjambment, and structured sentences to create the narrative atmosphere of the poem. The final half stanza is one sentence long, and ends suddenly, as though his subject had decided to remain a prayer  [8]  . The ending of this stanza is significant because the death of him is narrated in the first line of the last stanza, they tossed him, the portrait, from the tallest of the buildings  [9]  . The reader is left to decide whether him refers to the painter, or to the portrait is it personalisation of his work, or is it the death of the artist pre-empting the natural loss of art to nature. The penultimate line mentions the loss of his equipment, the sea devoured the canvas and the brush  [10]  , therefore seeming to place these above the death of the painter or portrait in importance. The last line focuses back on the subject of nature, and the idea that the work would be left incomplete, much as the stanza was. On one of its levels, the poem is about a painter struggling to paint nature, whilst succeeding in painting (wo)man, he chose his wife for a new subject  [11]  . The immediate conflict visible in this is the idea of man trying to exert control over nature and failing, and this is held up by the climax, where nature eventually wins. The level on which it could be read as a satire on the act of art, and role of an artist is the wordplay around painter and artist and the painter being the only one to produce art within the poem. These themes and levels tie together however to suggest that the core of the poem is a comment on the role of art can art accurately reflect nature? Is it a task only for the elite or can anyone participates in its production? Can humans paint true art or only a human image of what art might be? In terms of time and place the poem appears to be set somewhere relatively modern the language used is part of the typical vernacular in England, and until the last stanza the language is used to create a relatively realistic scenario in which we do not have to suspend disbelief, and even then they tossed him, the portrait, from the highest of the buildings  [12]  isnt a statement that could be seen as fantastic, only as unlikely in todays culture. As far as I can tell, my social and cultural distance from the poem isnt that great, so I will probably be reading it quite closely to the way in which the author wrote it theres nothing to indicate that the painter deviates from social norms or male stereotypes, except perhaps his submissive nature, in having been put to work by the other people in the building. I would say however that I have a distance from the poet, who is an older man, and that some of the themes within the poem might mature with age. The world view and ideology of the poem seems to be that nature is the pinnacle of art, and anything a human creates is secondary to that. It highlights the importance and value of the experience of a painter, but passes satirical comment on the idea of an artist the artists in this poem are never seen even to try and create. In that way it denigrates artists, saying that nature is a higher form of art, and that maybe its hubris to claim the identity of artist for oneself. To some extent, the poem evokes a sense of peace whilst in places the content is approaching violent, the form is quite gentle, and as a narrative poem the reader has some emotional distance from the story. It also leaves the reader with a sense of questioning the real meaning of the poem what is it asking about the nature of art? Written in a very simple style, very little imagery is immediately visible apart from the comparison of his wife to ruined buildings, a short simile. This is nonetheless very effective, almost summarising the overarching theme of the poem in one line, where the phrase ruined buildings  [13]  implies a taking back of buildings by nature, much like the images you see of trees bursting out of long abandoned houses. It could also be argued that the sea is a metaphor for the concept of nature as a whole and the reclamation of humankind and art by the sea as relating to nature reclaiming the world. The poem is typically quite direct however, and even the aforementioned simile is very simple, but the conflict of the painter and the sea is central to the meaning, the fact that whilst he can paint a vast  [14]  portrait of his wife, he is completely unable to paint nature, at least with any integrity. It might be that its impossible to answer that with relation to such a complex poem. It certainly uses structure, form and style effectively to create a questioning atmosphere within itself, in which the poem is very open to interpretation on the roles and interaction of human, art and nature, by the reader.

Controlling Automobile Traffic Essay -- Exploratory Research Papers

Controlling Automobile Traffic A safe community is comprised of many things. The most important thing to have in a community is correct traffic flow. The flow of traffic can determine how congested the community can be, and even how safe it can be. Parents would not want their children playing near a busy road, nor would they want to live in a community where traffic is constantly a problem. The most effective way to control these problems is through a system of â€Å"Signal Control Timings.† The new AUSCI (Adaptive Urban Street Control and Integration) technology automatically adjusts traffic signal timing based on actual traffic flow conditions. The conditions are monitored by video sensor, Auto scope Solo cameras: located before the actual signalized intersections. â€Å"Because the traffic signal timing is constantly adjusted, based on existing conditions, the community will experience a smoother flow, through few reduced delays. This feature is particularly helpful during special events or when traffic is disrupted,† said Roger Plum, traffic signal engineer, city of Minne...

Biag ni Lam-ang

Biag ni Lam-ang (The Life of Lam-ang) is an epic poem of the Ilokano people from the Ilocos region of the Philippines. Recited and written in the original Iloko, the poem is believed to be a composite work of various poets who passed it on through the generations, and was first transcribed around 1640 by a blind Ilokano bard named Pedro Bucaneg. Lam-ang is an extraordinary being, manifesting when he begins to speak in his early years, thus enabling him to choose his own name.His adventures begin when his father, Don Juan, set out for a battle but never returned. At barely nine months, Lam-ang goes to search for Don Juan in the highlands where the latter was said to have gone. Aware that her child was a blessed, exceptional creature, his mother Namongan allows him to go. Lam-ang then goes off in search of his father, leaving his grieving mother behind. When Lam-ang arrives at the place where Don Juan had disappeared, he is enraged to see his father’s severed head atop a bamboo pole; a scene he dreamt beforehand.Lam-ang demands to the local people why that had happened to his father, but does not receive an answer. Instead, the chieftain of the village tells him to leave under pain of suffering the same fate as his father. Lam-ang defies the caveat and bravely fights the chieftain and his tribesmen. The hero emerges victorious from the battle with little effort, avenging his murdered father. Fom this story, we can realize how the love of a son to his father and

Focus on the Learner Essay

PART 1 The students attending the pre-intermediate course are mostly Czech nationals (except one Polish student) and are in their early thirties to sixties. They all have a good level of motivation and their reasons for learning English include personal development, relocating to an English speaking country, obtaining a better job, travelling, teaching English at a higher level, and communicating with native speakers or family members living abroad. Most of them have learnt the language at school and/or university for at least 4 years (often with long breaks) and were taught by teachers who used both Czech and English in the classroom. The lessons were teacher-centred and focused on grammar, dictation and homework, leaving few opportunities for speaking practice. One student has also been attending English course offered by her employer, and also learns English independently. Two of the students are multilingual (they speak either German or French). A number of them have attended English lessons at Akcent IH in the past, which they enjoyed because they were exposed to various accents of native speakers. They prefer lessons where only English is spoken and are very receptive to CELTA teaching strategies. Students are happy to work in pairs or groups, though some would like to be corrected more often and feel they learn more when talking to the teacher. They enjoy a mixture of speaking practice and grammar work, which most perceive as difficult, but easier than listening or speaking â€Å"because grammar can be learned†. They are all eager to communicate effectively with native English speakers, develop their listening skills (difficult because of accents/talking speeds) and speaking skills (fluency, improving their  accents). The students also want to broaden their vocabulary and improve their writing skills. All students are passionate about travelling, music, dancing and sports, and actively pursue these hobbies. PART 2A: Description of error Error example Corrections Reason GRAMMAR Not using the correct proper noun when referring to a particular country It is the same in Britain or in French. It is the same in Britain or in France. Most likely a slip, though possibly student doesn’t know the right word for the country or hasn’t had enough practice using it. Omitting â€Å"-s† in the present simple 3rd person singular She drink a lot of coffee. She drinks a lot of coffee. SS are aware of the rule but haven’t internalized it yet. Probably confusing for them because the verb form only changes in the 3rd person sg. VOCABULARY Using the wrong adjective (meaning) hard luggage heavy luggage L1 interference: hard and heavy are the same in Czech (tezky) Using wrong verb (collocation: you ride a bike, but drive a car) Do you know how to ride cars? Do you know how to drive a car? Drive in Czech (ridit) is similar to ride. Student learned the meanings of drive/ride in the past but mixes them up. PRONUNCIATION Wrong sounds /ven/ / wen/ Student hasn’t had enough practice using the sound /w/, which does not exist in Czech, and uses the sound /v/ instead. Wrong sounds + incorrect word stress ? /d:pan/ ? /dp?n/ L1 interference: in Czech, word stress is always on the first syllable. Student would also benefit from drilling pronunciation to correct the vowel sounds. PART 2B: Skill 1: Listening The students handle listening for gist and specific information well if the context is very clear from the start, tasks are graded to their level and the activity is engaging (as was the case when listening to a song). Essential vocabulary must be clarified before the listening task. Because they are not exposed to spoken English outside the classroom very much and have had little listening practice in their previous learning experience, they sometimes struggle with the different accents of English speakers (natives who speak quickly are particularly difficult to understand). Skill 2: Speaking Speaking tasks work well with the group, especially if the topic is something the students can relate to (like New Year’s traditions, or their hobbies: travelling and holidays were particularly stimulating themes) and have/are taught the necessary vocabulary. Free speaking tasks work best when preceded by guided practice. At times, the speaking tasks progress slowly and students are hesitant to talk. They often stop to think about the accuracy of what they are going to say and always benefit from discussing their ideas in pairs before engaging in the activity. This has to do with their previous English learning experiences, in which skills development was neglected – they were not encouraged to share their ideas or develop fluency. PART 3 Activity 1: /v/ vs. /w/ Aim: To clarify and practice the pronunciation of the sounds /v/ and /w/ in commonly encountered words. Rationale: Students have trouble pronouncing the sound /w/. Often they say /vi:kend/ instead of /wi:kend/ or /ver/ instead of /w?r/. The sound /w/ does not exist in their native language, so they use the closest sound in Czech: /v/. I found that this error is widespread amongst the students. The activity I have chosen is suitable because, apart from drilling the pronunciation of /w/ and /v/, it encourages students to identify rules as to which of sound to use in which words. I’ve adapted the task to include some of the words they had trouble with in class. Activity 2: Summer camp Aim: To give students practice using the correct form of the present simple 3rd person singular in the context of organizing a summer camp. Rationale: Students are already familiar with the rule for forming the present tense for the 3rd person singular. However, especially during speaking tasks, they omit the â€Å"-s† at the end of the verb and use the bare infinitive form. The activity I have chosen is a speaking task, because I believe that students will benefit from practice to avoid making this kind of error in a productive task and it will encourage fluency. BIBLIOGRAPHY Millin, S. (2011, June 18) – Pronunciation problems for Czech speakers of English Retrieved from http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/2011/06/18/pronunciation-problems-for-czech-speakers-of-english/